Cyberbullying di Era Digital: Tantangan Etika dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pengguna Media Sosial
Keywords:
cyberbullying, media sosial, etika digital, dampak psikologis, perlindungan online, regulasi internetAbstract
Pesatnya perkembangan media sosial telah menciptakan ruang interaksi baru yang menyimpan potensi risiko yang tidak dapat diabaikan. Cyberbullying—yang mencakup tindakan intimidasi, pelecehan, dan kekerasan verbal yang berlangsung melalui berbagai platform digital—telah berkembang menjadi fenomena yang semakin mengkhawatirkan, khususnya di tengah kalangan remaja dan dewasa muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam tantangan etika yang ditimbulkan oleh cyberbullying sekaligus memetakan dampak psikologis, sosial, dan perilaku yang dialami oleh para korban. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 47 studi akademik yang diterbitkan dalam rentang waktu 2015 hingga 2024, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa cyberbullying memberikan dampak yang substansial terhadap kesehatan mental korban, yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya prevalensi depresi, gangguan kecemasan, dan kecenderungan untuk menarik diri dari lingkungan sosial. Di samping itu, kajian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi sejumlah celah etis yang melekat pada kebijakan platform digital, kerangka regulasi pemerintah, serta tingkat literasi digital pengguna secara umum. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi penerapan pendekatan terpadu yang mengintegrasikan berbagai pemangku kepentingan lintas sektor demi menanggulangi cyberbullying secara komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.
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